Chronic disease management | Diabetes, Heart Disease, Cancer

Chronic diseases are the most severe diseases that affect more than one organ. Such diseases lasts longer than one month. Chronic diseases place a heavy strain on society, and conventional healthcare delivery models cannot meet these needs. A novel approach to treating chronic diseases called "chronic disease administration" has arisen, but no standard measure has been provided. 

Chronic diseases are common in older people as they lack strong immunity. Hypertension, and arthritis are the most common types of chronic diseases. The cause of many chronic diseases is linked to unhealthy lifestyle choices. Many of these diseases and conditions can be avoided by eating nutritious foods, becoming more physically active, and avoiding tobacco use.

Diabetes: a major concern

Diabetes is a disease generally present in adults over the age of 30. Diabetes is among the major chronic diseases. It is caused by low insulin levels in our body. Insulin is a hormone that is produced by beta cells in the pancreas. It is the hormone that regulates blood sugar levels in the body. Dysfunction of pancreas or inability of beta cells decreases efficiency of producing insulin. 
Diabetes is of two types: insulin-dependent diabetes and non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Insulin-dependent diabetes, also known as type 1 diabetes, is caused by a deficiency of insulin due to decreased production. It requires the daily administration of insulin. Type 1 diabetes is passed on genetically. Non-insulin-dependent diabetes is commonly known as type 2 diabetes. It is caused by the body’s inability to use insulin. In simple words, type 1 diabetes is caused by the dysfunction of beta cells in the pancreas, while type 2 diabetes is caused by the dysfunction of the body’s cells to use insulin.

Diabetes has been found to offer a useful example of managing a chronic condition. The crucial role that patient self-management plays in many chronic illnesses, including cardiovascular disease, asthma, and COPD, is particularly intriguing. 

Heart disease: a fatal disease.

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality around the world. One should not delay if signs show up. The heart is the most important organ of the body, as it pumps the blood. The blood delivers nutrition and oxygen to all the cells in the body. The heart and blood make up the cardiovascular system. Therefore, damage to the heart means damage to the whole body. Heart diseases like heart attack, stroke, arrhythmia, heart valve disease, cardiomyopathy, etc. are chronic diseases that last for more than a year and affect more than the cardiovascular system.

The first symptoms of cardiovascular disease include chest pain, breathlessness, or palpitations; high blood pressure; fatigue; and dizziness. Patients should take action as soon as they notice any risk factors. Other risk factors of heart disease are a history of the disease in the family, stress, and high cholesterol. Other significant heart disease risk factors include:

1) Smoking
2) High cholesterol and blood pressure
3) Diabetes
4) Sedentary lifestyle

One should immediately consult a cardiologist. Treating heart disease is really crucial, and the patient should take seriously all the advice and medications provided by the doctor. Personal care and a healthy lifestyle can prevent chronic diseases like heart problems and add years to your life.

Cancer: a slow killer

Cancer is the collective term used to characterize uncontrolled cell growth in the body. In medical terms, it is known as neoplasia. In normal cells of our bodies, there is a predetermined life cycle to follow. In a cancer patient, however, this cycle is unchecked. The cell cycle passes through the checkpoints, and the cells continue to grow in quantity. It keeps on dividing and growing. 

There are several types of cancer, which are typically named after the organs they affect, such as the skin, lung, pancreas, blood, and stomach, among others. Cancer is classified based on its severity. They’re either benign or malignant. Benign tumours are stationary tumours that affect only an organ. Benign tumours are named with the suffix "oma." Malignant cancers are fatal and can spread to other parts of the body. They are named with the suffix "sarcoma" for connective tissue and "carcinoma" for epithelial tissues.

However, there are primarily five types of cancer when classified biologically. Leukemia, melanoma, carcinoma, sarcoma, and lymphoma are among them. Leukemia is a cancer that begins in the bone marrow and is a blood cancer. Tumors do not form in this type of cancer. Melanoma is considered one of the most dangerous types of cancer because the skin's melanin becomes cancerous. Carcinomas are cancers of various glands or organs, including the breasts, stomach, lungs, and pancreas. Sarcomas are cancers of the connective tissues, such as the bones and muscles.

Common symptoms, regardless of the site of affection, of cancer are abnormal bumps, bloody sputum, fevers, night sweats, or unintentional weight loss. A variety of factors in today’s living environment are capable of causing cancer. Carcinogens are substances that are known to cause cancer or increase the risk of cancer. Carcinogens can be found in everything from pollutants to tobacco to processed meats. Carcinogens can be present genetically. 

Cancer is a chronic disease that requires an instant doctor’s attention and treatment. Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy are the most commonly used cancer treatments. Chemotherapy treatment consists of a cocktail of drugs designed to kill cancer cells. These treatments are frequently administered together. In the case of benign tumors, surgery is usually performed, followed by a short cycle of preventive chemotherapy. Radiation therapy, on the other hand, employs electromagnetic rays to destroy cancerous cells.

Conclusion

Managing chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and cancer, require a multifaceted approach that includes both medical treatment and lifestyle changes. Effective management of chronic diseases can improve the quality of life for patients, reduce healthcare costs and mitigate the burden on the healthcare system. The importance of identifying and managing risk factors, implementing regular screenings and developing individualized treatment plans cannot be overstated. Additionally, early detection and intervention can prevent chronic disease from progressing and becoming more severe, ultimately resulting in better outcomes for patients. However, there is still a need for more research to improve understanding of these diseases and identify new treatment options. Furthermore, addressing social determinants of health, such as access to nutritious food and safe environments, is crucial in the prevention and management of chronic diseases. Chronic disease management requires continued collaboration between patients, healthcare providers and policymakers to improve outcomes and the lives of those affected by these conditions.

Disclaimer: The information provided here is for general informational purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. If you have any concerns about your health or are experiencing symptoms, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional. They will be able to assess your specific situation and provide you with personalised advice and treatment based on your symptoms, body type, allergies (if any), existing medical conditions etc. It is always a good idea to consult with a healthcare professional before making any decisions about your health.